Hayek versus Polanyi: Espontaneidade e designio no capitalismo. (Hayek versus Polanyi: Spontaneity and Design in Capitalism. With English summary.)

This work introduces the concept of spontaneous order, its development through many schools of economic thought and its importance to today's society. This paper gives emphasis to Friedrich Hayek, since he has the most known model of spontaneous order, how he started to elaborate from his research about the role of the information on the economy and his maturation in Law, Legislation and Liberty. As a counterpoint to the Hayekian model, this work includes criticism to the concept and the work of Karl Polanyi is analyzed. He diverged from Hayek about the role of the market in the society, when he affirmed that society protects itself from the invasion of the market in the other social spheres, through the process of double movement. Lastly, it is concluded that there is no evidence to discard the existence of spontaneous orders; the double, that double movement, because it is started with the individuals before taking legislative form, has the necessary characteristics to be considered a type of spontaneous order; and, due to the self-organizational trait of spontaneous order, there are practical problems in political anarchism.