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Karl Polanyi's main thesis is the effective separation of society and economy, placing the economy above the society. This artificial separation will be carried out by a series of theoretical tools and mechanisms -the introduction of fictitious goods and economic rationalism as a social premise- that will blind an overall view of the social panorama, focusing only on the economic aspects of it, causing that way, an unprecedented human crisis. (English)

Karl Polanyi’s double movement is a dialectical process characterized by a continuous tension between a movement towards social marketization and a movement towards social protectionism. Notably, Polanyi condemns the former movement while defending the latter. Without using the term “double movement”, F.A Hayek’s theory of social evolution acknowledges the same phenomenon but reaches different normative conclusions. While for Polanyi the marketization of society is a utopia with dystopian...

En el presente trabajo mostraremos que la filosofía liberal operó en muchas ocasionesa través de un esquema teleológico, desde el cual entendía que la espontaneidad delmovimiento histórico conducía de forma natural hacia una economía de mercados libres.Semejante interpretación tenía que presuponer otra controvertida tesis, a saber, que lascategorías que informan la racionalidad práctica dentro de una sociedad de mercado no sonuna simple contingencia histórica, sino que responden a la...

My article provides a systematic interpretation of the transformation of capitalist society in the neo-liberal era as a form of what Karl Polanyi called ‘cultural catastrophe’. I substantiate this claim by drawing upon Erich Fromm’s theory of social character. Fromm’s notion of social character, I argue, offers a plausible, psychodynamic explanation of the processes of social change and the eventual class composition of neo-liberal society. I argue, further, that Fromm allows us to...

L’idée de « modèle social européen » n’est-elle qu’un leurre ou un objectif politique que les forces progressistes doivent continuer à promouvoir ? L’article s’interroge sur les fondements proprement philosophiques (souvent négligés) de l’État social – à la fois système assurantiel universel et institution d’un « citoyenneté sociale » (T.H. Marshall), dont la dynamique excède la forme de l’Etat-nation., Is the idea of a “European social model” but a decoy or is it a political aim that...

The crisis of the European Monetary Union has revealed the weakness and the fragility of the European integration process. The paper examines the institutional changes which are at the root of the instability. What are the driving forces behind the introduction of the euro? What role do theoretical considerations play in this process? What influence on European integration has been exerted by neoliberal beliefs and convictions? Relying on an approach that combines basic insights of Gunnar...

The paper analyzes interdependence of the market sphere which functions according to the logic of contract, and the sphere of non-market activity within economy, where the logic of gift dominates as a paradigm. The purpose of the analysis is to present how the above concepts of societal exchange intertwine and complete each other within the socio-economic order. This is followed by the description of 'pre-market' economic paradigms (based on Karl Polanyi's contribution) such as reciprocity,...

Despite the absence of a systematic analysis of economics in Sartre's work, we argue that a Sartrean economics can indeed be said to exist, even if it is an economics that still awaits development. The status that Sartre accords to the concept of scarcity allows him to advance the critique of economism begun by Karl Polanyi, who, for his part, had been satisfied simply to challenge the reduction of economics to its formal definition. Scarcity, Sartre teaches us, should not be submitted to...

This paper examines the relationship that prevails between the state, economics, and freedom according to the works of Friedrich Hayek and Karl Polanyi. Hayek, who was one of the most important contributors to the development of the modern market economy and liberalism, formulated a concept of freedom that includes economic and negative freedom as significant components; his objective was to demonstrate the superiority of liberal capitalist societies over all other forms of organizing a...

The article examines the ideology critical potentials of the concept of the embedded market, made famous by philosopher and economic historian Karl Polanyi. It explores several readings of this concept and assesses their ability to revive critical powers of sociology. It discusses the book "The New Spirit of Capitalism," by Luc Boltanski and Eve Chiapello, as a specific take on such an idea. It also offers a re-examination of Polanyi's interpretations of the embedded markets thesis.

The double transition to a society based on unfettered capital valorisation, which attempts to legitimize itself by claiming to be a democratic society founded on human rights, can be defined as the first great transformation of the contemporary period. These bourgeois capitalist societies are now in a crisis of their reproduction, integration, rule and security. Three possible scenarios can be discerned: the first attempts to continue the present development (conventional world), the...

This article is a reflection on the perspectives of feminism in the context of the current crisis of neoliberal capitalism. It is based on the theories of Karl Polanyi that explained the historical process of the crises as a result of the conflict between two elements – marketization and social protection. However, Polanyi Kept out of sight forms of injustice that are not present in the market. He also had the tendency to excuse the social protection as an instrument of domination. This...

RésuméEn dépit de l’absence d’un exposé économique systématique dans l’œuvre de Sartre, nous soutenons qu’il y a bien une économie sartrienne, même si celle-ci est encore à développer. Le statut que Sartre réserve à la « rareté » lui permet de faire un pas supplémentaire vers la critique de l’économisme par rapport à celui déjà effectué par Karl Polanyi, qui s’est contenté de récuser la confusion entretenue entre l’économique et sa définition formelle. La rareté, nous enseigne Sartre, ne...

I present five theses on the common within the context of the transformations of capitalist social relations as well as their contemporary global crisis. My framework involves “cognitive capitalism,” new processes of class composition, and the production of living knowledge and subjectivity. The commons is often discussed today in reference to the privatization and commodification of “common goods.” This suggests a naturalistic and conservative image of the common, unhooked from the...

Towards an Inclusive Democracy, it is argued, offers a powerful new interpretation of the history and destructive dynamics of the market and provides an inspiring new vision of the future in place of both neo-liberalism and existing forms of socialism. It is shown how this work synthesizes and develops Karl Polanyi's characterization of the relationship between society and the market and Cornelius Castoriadis' philosophy of autonomy. A central component of Fotopoulos' argument is that social...

L’idée qu’une rémunération juste du travail relève d’un calcul du mérite tend à s’imposer comme un lieu commun. Les présupposés et les conséquences d’une telle représentation sont ici interrogés dans la perspective ouverte par les analyses de Polanyi sur les effets dévastateurs de la fiction d’un marché autorégulateur lorsqu’elle atteint des réalités comme celles – parmi d’autres – du travail. Le paradigme du don et le concept arendtien de l’action permettent d’identifier, dans le besoin de...

Questions arise whenever social-scientific models are used in analysis of ancient texts, particularly regarding the feasibility of their application to social and cultural milieux different from those from which they were derived. An essay I authored that assessed the command in Luke 6 to "love your enemies" from the perspective of ancient reciprocity ethics, and that invoked Marshall Sahlins's taxonomy of reciprocity relations (general, balanced, and negative reciprocity), was queried by...

Karl Polanyi's most famous book, The Great Transformation, contains several ideas and theoretical notions which are at the heart of long-lasting controversies throughout the social sciences. Categories such as "double movement," "embeddedness," "disembedding," "market society," or "social freedom" have proved to be fruitful notions not only in anthropology, but also in sociology, political sciences, and economic history. The recent three volume publication of Karl Polanyi's writings during...

This paper is based on the idea that between the 1920s and the mid-1930s in Vienna there were two forms of heterodox economic theory: the Austrian economic school headed by Ludwig von Mises and another interesting form of heterodox economics opposed to the Austrian school (above all politically) and pursued by various social thinkers (Otto Neurath, Karl Polanyi, Otto Bauer, Felix Schaffer, Felix Weil, Jacob Marschak). They were engaged in the debate on the possibilities of a planned economy:...